烷烃的通式为CnH2n+2,相对分子量为:14n+2,
(1)辛烷分子中含有8个C,辛烷的分子式为:C8H18,
故答案为:C8H18;
(2)十八烷的分子式为:C18H38,
故答案为:C18H38;
(3)二十三烷的分子式为:C23H48,
故答案为:C23H48;
(4)三十九烷的分子式为:C39H80,
故答案为:C39H80;
(5)含有30个氢原子的烷,即2n+2=30,n=14,该烷烃的分子式为:C14H30,
故答案为:C14H30;
(6)烷烃的相对分子质量为142,即14n+2=142,解得n=10,该烷烃的付诸实施为:C10H22,
故答案为:C10H22;
(7)烷烃A在同温同压下蒸气的密度是H2的36倍,该烷烃的摩尔质量为氢气的36倍,即该烷烃的摩尔质量为:2g/mol×36=72g/mol,14n+2=72,n=5,该烷烃的分子式为:C5H12,
故答案为:C5H12;
(8)1L烷烃D的蒸气完全燃烧时,生成同温同压下15L水蒸气,根据质量守恒定律,该烷烃分子中含有30个氢原子,即2n+2=30,n=14,所以该烷烃的分子式为:C14H30,
故答案为:C14H30;
(9)标准状况下的O22.464L的物质的量为:=0.11mol,
根据烷烃燃烧关系式CnH2n+2~O2,
( 14n+2)g mol
1g 0.11mol
(14n+2)g×0.11mol=1g×mol,
解得:n=7,该烷烃的分子式为C7H16,
故答案为:C7H16.